英文表格简历模板 篇一
合 同 contract
日期: 合同号码:
date: contract no.:
买 方: (the buyers)
address/tel/fax/e-mail
卖方: (the sellers)
address/tel/fax/e-mail
本合同双方,公司(以下称甲方)与(以下称乙方), 在平等互利基础上,通过友好协商,于 某年某月某日在中国(地址),特签订本合同
this contract is hereby (特此) made and concluded by and between co.,(hereinafter referred to as party a) and co.,(hereinafter referred to as party b) on (date),in (place), china, on the principle of equality and mutual benefit and through amicable(friendly) consultation 双方有争议,应首先通过友好协商解决
all disputes arising from the execution of this agreement shall be settled through friendly consultations
兹经买卖双方同意按照以下条款由买方购进,卖方售出以下商品:
this contract is made by the buyers and the sellers; whereby the buyers agree tobuy and the sellers agree to sell the following goods subject to the terms and conditions as stipulated follow:
(1) 商品名称、规格、质量name of commodity、specifications quality of commodity
(2) 数 量:quantity:允许—-的溢短装 —% more or less allowed
(3) 单 价: unit price:
(4) 总 值:total value/ total amount
(5) 包 装:packing:
货物应具有防潮、防锈蚀、防震并适用于海洋运输的包装,由于货物包装不良而造成的货物残损、灭失应由卖方负责。卖方应在每个包装箱上用不退色的颜色标明尺码、包装箱、毛重、净重、及“此端向上”“防潮”、“小心轻放”易碎fragile 等标记。
the packing of the goods shall be preventive from dampness, rust, moisture, erosion and shock,( the packing of the goods must be well protected against dampness, moisture, rust, and be able to stand shock) and shall be suitable for ocean transportation/multiple transportation. the seller shall be liable for all damage and losses of the goods attributable to (caused by)the inadequate orimproper packing. the measurement , gross weight, net weight and the cautions such as “do not stack up side down”(this way up)”keep away from moisture” “handle with care”shall be stenciled (marked)on the surface of each package with fadeless pigment.
(6) 生产国别:country of origin :
(7) 支付条款:terms of payment:l/c、d/p、d/a、cod(cash on delivery)
() 信用证式:买应在装运期前/合同生效后__日,开出以卖为受益人的不可撤销的议付信用证,信用证在装船完毕后__日内到期。
letter of credit: the buyer shall, ______ days prior to the time of shipment /after this contract comes into effect, open an irrevocable letter of credit in favor of the seller. the letter of credit shall expire ____ days after the completion of loading of the shipment as stipulated.
() 付款交单:货物发运后,卖方出具以买方为付款人的付款跟单汇票,按即期付款交单(d/p)式,通过卖银行及_____银行向买转交单证,换取货物。
documents against payment: after shipment, the seller shall draw a sight bill of exchange on the buyer and deliver the documents through sellers bank and ______ bank to the buyer against payment, i.e d/p. the buyer shall effect the payment immediately upon the first presentation of the bill(s) of exchange.
即期付款交单d/p at sight
跟单汇票documentary draft
upon first presentation the buyer shall pay against documentary draft drawn by the seller at sight. the shipping documents are to be delivered against payment only.
买方应凭卖方开具的即期跟单汇票于见票时立即付款,付款后交单。
() 承兑交单:货物发运后,卖出具以买为付款人的付款跟单汇票,付款期限为____后__日,按即期承兑交单(d/a__日)式,通过卖银行及______银行,经买承兑后,向买转交单证,买在汇票期限到期时支付货款。
documents against acceptance: after shipment, the seller shall draw a sight bill of exchange, payable_____ days after the buyers delivers the document through seller’s bank and _________bank to the buyer against
acceptance (d/a ___ days). the buyer shall make the payment on date of the bill of exchange.
() 货到付款:买在收到货物后__天内将全部货款支付卖(不适用于fob、crf、cif术语)。
cash on delivery (cod): the buyer shall pay to the seller total amount within ______ days after the receipt of the goods (this clause is not applied to the terms of fob, cfr, cif).
(8) 保 险:insurance:由—-按发票金额110%投保— 险和—附加险
insurance shall be covered by the —-for 110% of the invoice value against—–risks and additional risks
(9) 装运期限: time of shipment:
(10) 起 运 港:port of lading:
(11) 目 的 港: port of destination:
单据(documents required):
卖应将下列单据提交银行议付/托收:
the seller shall present the following documents required to the bank for negotiation/collection:
() 标明通知收货人/受货代理人的全套清洁的、已装船的、空白抬头、空白背书并注明运费已付/到付的海运/联运/陆运提单。
full set of clean on board ocean/combined transportation/land bills of lading and blank endorsed marked freight prepaid/ to collect;
() 标有合同编号、信用证号(信用证支付条件下)及装运唛头的商业发票一式__份;
signed commercial invoice in ______copies indicating contract no., l/c no. (terms of l/c) and shipping marks;
() 由______出具的装箱或重量单一式__份;
packing list/weight memo in ______ copies issued by__;
() 由______出具的质量证明书一式__份;
certificate of quality in _______ c(转载于: m校 园生活 网:合同号码英文)opies issued by____;
() 由______出具的数量证明书一式__份;
certificate of quantity in ___ copies issued by____;
() 保险单本一式__份(cif 交货条件);
insurance policy/certificate in ___ copies (terms of cif);
()____签发的产地证一式__份;
certificate of origin in ___ copies issued by____;
() 装运通知(shipping advice): 卖应在交运后_____小时内以特快专递式邮寄给买上述第__项单据副本一式一套。
ems邮政特快专递
the seller shall, within ____ hours after shipment effected, send by courier each copy of the above-mentioned documents no. __.
一式两份:in duplicate; 一式三份:in triplicate;一式四份:in
quadruplicate
the fax contract has same force as effect as origin form
本合同传真件具有法律效力
运输方式:terms of delivery fob/cfr/cif
() fob交货式
卖方应在合同规定的装运日期前天,以____式通知买合同号、品名、数量、金额、包装件、毛重、尺码及装运港可装日期,以便买安排租船/订舱。装运船只按期到达装运港后,如卖不能按时装船,发生的空船费或滞期费由卖负担。在货物越过船弦并脱离吊钩以前一切费用和风险由卖方负担。
the seller shall, days before the shipment date specified in the contract, advise the buyer by _______ of the contract no., commodity, quantity, amount, packages, gross weight, measurement, and the date of shipment in order that the buyer can charter a vessel/book shipping space. in the event of(in case) the seller’s failure to effect loading when the vessel arrives duly at the loading port, all expenses including dead freight and/or demurrage charges thus
关于英文表格简历模板 篇二
外贸经纪人佣金合同
commission agreement of foreign trade agents
甲方:(生产厂家)______________________________
乙方:(中间人)_______________________________
party a: (manufacturer)______________________________
party b: (intermediary )_______________________________
根据《中华人民共和国合同法》和有关法律法规的规定,乙方接受甲方的委托,为甲方产品开拓海外市场,双方经协商一致,签订本合同。
according to “people’s republic of china contract law” and the provisions of relevant laws and regulations, party a hereby appoints party b to develop overseas market. both parties have agreed to sign this agreement.
第一条:委托事项
1. the entrusted matters
甲方委托乙方发展海外市场为甲方营销其产品。
party a hereby appoints party b to develop overseas market and promote its products.
第二条:委托事项的具体要求
2. obligation
(1) 甲方应保证所生产产品的合法性及保证产品质量。
party a shall ensure the legality of the products and ensure product quality.
(2) 甲方与海外客商交易的具体价格、交货方式、支付方式等由甲方与海外客商双方协商约定。
all the trade terms including price, payment term, delivery, etc are negotiated by party a and customers.
(3)甲方应严格按国家的“fob、 c&f或 cif条款”执行与海外客商所签定的合同。
party a shall be in strict accordance with the ” fob, c & f or cif terms in the contracts.
(4)乙方承诺每年给甲方介绍______美元的销售额。
party b promise that the turnover will be more than usd ______ per year through party b.
(5)乙方应协助甲方回收全额货款及提供最新的市场信息。
party b should assist party a to receive the full payment as per the sales contracts.
party b will provide the market information to party a.
(6)乙方不能将甲方营业范围内的海外客户关系泄露给第三方,否则甲方会按盗窃公司机密对乙方提起公诉。
party b should not disclose the customer information to a third party. otherwise party a will indict party b.
第三条:佣金的计算、给付方式、给付时间
3. rate of commission, payment term
(1) 甲方同意按每笔合同成交总额(扣除税金,运费和货代的费用)的______支付佣金给乙方。
party a will agree to pay ______ of the total turnover of each contract – deducting taxes and the freight- to party b.
(2) 给付方式及时间:
payment term
在甲方收到合同金额全款后14天内一次性付给乙方。
party a will pay 100% commission within 14 days upon receiving the full payment from customer.
第四条:违约责任
4. liability
甲方若不按本合同第三条的(2)执行,逾期一天应支付乙方滞纳金,滞纳金系数为:总佣金的5‰/天。
if party a does not follow (2) of section 3, party a have to pay the overdue fine. the amount is 5 ‰ of the total commission per day.
第五条:协议仲裁
5. agreement arbitration
双方如果发生纠纷,可凭此合同向甲方所在仲裁机构进行。in the event of dispute, both parties can present to arbitration court from party a’s place.
第六条:本合同未尽事宜双方协商解决。
6. changes.
any changes of terms relating to this agreement must be done in a written form, and agreed upon by both parties.
现行协议条款的修改必须经协议双方授权人书面签字方能生效。
第七条:特别约定。
special clause
本合同一式肆份双方各执贰份具有同等法律效用。中英文版本如有冲突,以中文版本为准。 this agreement has been drawn up in four identical copies, of which two copies for each party. the chinese version of these terms and conditions shall prevail wherever there is a discrepancy between the english and chinese versions. 第八条:履行
implementation
本合同双方签字盖章即为有效。
whilst signature on this agreement certifies the intention of both parties to the agreement, the terms of this agreement shall become binding upon both parties only at such time as the following have been complied with, in writing.
第九条:同意签字人agreement signatories
下面签约的各方接受本合同中的所有条款。
in witness thereof, the parties have signed below and by doing so have accepted and approved all covenants, terms and conditions of this agreement.
—————————- ———————–
签名盖章
签订日期
signing date: 签名盖章
英文简历表格模板 篇三
Name : | xuexila | telephone : | |||
Degree : | Bachelor | Professional: | Information Technology and Business Management | ||
Experience : | 10years | national : | Han | ||
School: | *** | ||||
address : | *** | ||||
E-mail : |
Self Assessment :
Well independent thinking and problem-solving ability, good communication skill, well known about teamwork, well motivation ability, mature, responsible, optimistic and modest, strong ambition to succeed. |
Target Job :
Desired Job Category: | Computer/Network/Technology | Customer Service |
Desired Job Industry: | IT Service/System Integration | Hardware/Network Equipment | Internet/e-Commerce | Real Estate Development/Construction and Engineering | Telecommunications (Equipment/Operation/Value-Added Service) |
Desired Salary: | Negotiable |
Desired City: | *** |
I can start from: | within 1 month |
Work Experience :
2010.2-2011.2 | *** Construction Group
IT Manager Responsibilities and Achievements: IT department daily management. Scheduling department works, appraise the members performance, the training plan for all the internal users Planning and development of IT solutions for company. Regulate the use of IT assets. Manage and work with members, and ability to communicate effectively with other department. |
2007.2-2010.1 | ***
Technical Support Engineer Responsibilities and Achievements: Answer phone calls and provide technical support for commercial and consumer users on software and hardware problems for notebook, desktop, workstation, PDA and thin client; PDA and soft skill training for new heirs; |
2006.7-2007.1 | ***Climate Control Corp.
IT Engineer Responsibilities and Achievements: Whole company IT hardware and software management and maintenance. Network device management and maintenance. OA system management. ERP system management. |
Education :
2002.9-2006.7 | ***
Bachelor Major Category: Information Technology and Business Management |
英文表格简历模板 篇四
基本资料
姓名:**
性别:女
年龄:23
民族:汉族
政治面貌:党员
联系方式:xxx-xxxx-xxxx
电子邮件:
求职意向
期望从事职业:幼教、小学教师、家教
自我评价
多年的学校学习,使我掌握学前教育学、幼儿心理学、幼儿同课程的设计与实施、幼儿教育研究方法等学科的基本理论和基本知识;掌握观察幼儿、分析幼儿的基本能力以及对幼儿实施保育和教育的技能;具有编制具体教育方案和实施方案的初步能力;熟悉国家和地方幼儿教育的方针、政策和法规;了解学前教育理论的发展动态;掌握文献检索、资料查询的基本方法,具有初步的科学研究和实际工作能力。
教育经历
2010.9~2014.7 xx师范大学 学前教育专业 教育学学士
连续四年获得校奖学金
所获奖励:
2012年 获得××辩论赛“一等奖”
2012年 获得院级奖学金“三等奖”
2011年 获得“学生团干部”
2011年 获得省级“优秀团员”
工作经历
2013年10月—至今 xx幼儿园
主要工作:一滴水就是一个海洋,一个孩子就是一个世界。陶行知先生曾说:“教人要从小教起,幼儿比如幼苗,必须培养得宜,方能茁壮成长。”我努力使自己从一个“实践型”教师转变为一名“反思型”教师。重视观察孩子,学会解读孩子的一言一行。作为一名班主任,一方面承担着教学任务,另一方面幼师班集体的组织者很管理者。这种工作的双重角色有利于我自觉地履行“教书育人”的重任
个人技能
大学英语四/六级(cet-4/6) 良好的听说读写能力
快速浏览 英语 专业文件及书籍,撰写英文文件,用 英语 与外国人进行交谈
国家计算机三级 (数据库技术)
熟练使用电脑浏览网页,搜集资料,熟练使用office相关办公软件,熟练使用photoshop
普通话
普通话等级证书一级甲 读写能力精通 优秀的听说能力
本专业证书
教师(幼师)资格证、心理咨询师
英文表格简历模板 篇五
合同号码:
签约日期:
买方:
卖方:
本合同由买卖双方缔结,用中、英文字写成,两种文体具有同等效力,按照下述条款,卖方同意售出买方同意购进以下商品:
「章名」 第一部分
1.商品名称及规格
2.生产国别及制造厂商
3.单价(包装费用包括在内)
4.数量
5.总值
6.包装(适合海洋运输)
7.保险(除非另有协议,保险均由买方负责)
8.装船时间
9.装运口岸
10.目的口岸
11.装运唛头,卖方负责在每件货物上用牢固的不褪色的颜料明显地刷印或标明下述唛头,以及目的口岸、件号、毛重和净重、尺码和其它买方要求的标记。如系危险及/或有毒货物,卖方负责保证在每件货物上明显地标明货物的性质说明及习惯上被接受的标记。
12.付款条件:买方于货物装船时间前一个月通过______银行开出以卖方为抬头的不可撤销信用证,卖方在货物装船启运后凭本合同交货条款第18条a款所列单据在开证银行议付贷款。上述信用证有效期将在装船后15天截止。
13.其它条件:除非经买方同意和接受,本合同其它一切有关事项均按第二部分交货条款之规定办理,该交货条款为本合同不可分的部分,本合同如有任何附加条款将自动地优先执行附加条款,如附加条款与本合同条款有抵触,则以附加条款为准。
「章名」 第二部分
「章名」 /fas条件
14.1.本合同项下货物的装运舱位由买方或买方的运输代理人___________租订。
14.2.在fob条件下,卖方应负责将所订货物在本合同第8条所规定的装船期内按买方所通知的任何日期装上买方所指定的船只。
14.3.在fas条件下,卖方应负责将所订货物在本合同第8条所规定的装船期内按买方所通知的任何日期交到买方所指定船只的吊杆下。
14.4.货物装运日前10-15天,买方应以电报或电传通知卖方合同号、船只预计到港日期、装运数量及船运代理人的名称。以便卖方经与该船运代理人联系及安排货物的装运。卖方应将联系结果通过电报或电传及时报告买方。如买方因故需要变更船只或者船只比预先通知卖方的日期提前或推迟到达装运港口,买方或其船运代理人应及时通知卖方。卖方亦应与买方的运输代理或买方保持密切联系。
14.5.如买方所订船只到达装运港后,卖方不能在买方所通知的装船时间内将货物装上船只或将货物交到吊杆之下,卖方应负担买方的一切费用和损失,如空舱费、滞期费及由此而引起的及/或遭受的买方的一切损失。
14.6.如船只撤换或延期或退关等而未及时通知卖方停止交货,在装港发生的栈租及保险费损失的计算,应以代理通知之装船日期(如货物晚于代理通知之装船日期抵达装港,应以货物抵港日期)为准,在港口免费堆存期满后第十六天起由买方负担,人力不可抗拒的情况除外。上述费用均凭原始单据经买方核实后支付。但卖方仍应在装载货船到达装港后立即将货物装船,交负担费用及风险。
「章名」 15.c&f条件
15.1.卖方在本合同第8条规定的时间之内应将货物装上由装运港到中国口岸的直达船。未经买方事先许可,不得转船。货物不得由悬挂中国港口当局所不能接受的国家旗帜的船装载。
15.2.卖方所租船只应适航和适货。卖方租船时应慎重和认真地选择承运人及船只。买方不接受非保赔协会成员的船只。
15.3.卖方所租载货船只应在正常合理时间内驶达目的港。不得无故绕行或迟延。
15.4.卖方所租载货船只船龄不得超过15年。对超过15年船龄的船只其超船龄额外保险费应由卖方负担。买方不接受船龄超过二十年的船只。
15.5.一次装运数量超过一千吨的货载或其它少于一千吨但买方指明的货载,卖方应在装船日前至少10天用电传或电报通知买方合同号、商品名称、数量、船名、船龄、船籍、船只主要规范、预计装货日、预计到达目的港时间、船公司名称、电传和电报挂号。
15.6.一次装运一千吨以上货载或其它少于一千吨但买方指明的货载,其船长应在该船抵达目的港前7天和24小时分别用电传或电报通知买方预计抵港时间、合同号、商品名称及数量。
15.7.如果货物由班轮装运,载货船只必须是______船级社最高船级或船级协会条款规定的相同级别的船级,船只状况应保持至提单有效期终了时止,以装船日为准船龄不得超过20年。超过20年船龄的船只,卖方应负担超船龄外保险费。买方绝不接受超过25年船龄的船只。
15.8.对于散件货,如果卖方未经买方事前同意而装入集装箱,卖方应负责向买方支付赔偿金,由双方在适当时间商定具体金额。
15.9.卖方应和载运货物的船只保持密切联系,并以最快的手段通知买方船只在途中发生的一切事故,如因卖方未及时通知买方而造成买方的一切损失卖方应负责赔偿。
「章名」 条件
在cif条件下,除本合同第15条c&f条件适用之外卖方负责货物的保险,但不允许有免赔率。
「章名」 17.装船通知
货物装船完毕后48小时内,卖方应即以电报或电传通知买方合同号、商品名称、所装重量(毛/净)或数量、发票价值、船名、装运口岸、开船日期及预计到达目的港时间。如因卖方未及时用电报或电传给买方以上述装船通知而使买方不能及时保险,卖方负责赔偿买方由此而引起的一切损害及/或损失。
「章名」 18.装船单据
关于英文表格简历模板 篇六
② 字号:一般最好用10号,即小五。不过,就象刚才讲的那样,在学生简历中也可用12号字,即小四。
③ 间距:上下(天地头)一样,大约2-3厘米;左右一样,大约1.2-2.5厘米;最左边的bulletpoint到左页边的距离保持在3.8-5厘米。
英文简历 的格式要求:
①
按时间倒序顺序描述你的工作经历,从你最近的职位开始,然后回溯,着重强调责任和突出成就。这种格式适用于你有无可挑剔的工作经历。
② 功能型的简历格式
在简历的开始部分就强调你特殊的成就和非凡的资质,但是并不将他们与特定的顾主联系在一起。当你正在改变职业,或者有就业记录空白,或者其他不宜使用时序型格式的问题时,就使用这种格式。
③ 综合型格式
借鉴和综合了功能型格式和时序型格式的优点,是一种强有力的写作格式。在简历的开始部分介绍你的价值、资信和资质(功能部分)。随后的工作经历部分提供了支持性的内容(时序部分)。
④ 履历型格式
履历型格式的使用者绝大多数是专业技术人员或者是那些应聘的职位仅仅需要罗列出能够表现 求职 者价值的资信。例如演员、歌手或音乐家、外科医生、以及律师或注册会计师或许也使用这种类型。
最后提醒,关于 英文简历 的书写纸质要求选择简历专用的如高级米黄色钢古纸等,而规格至少80克,或100克左右,否则想一些60、70克的纸,往往显得轻飘飘的,质感很差,这是会丢分的;尺寸则以a4为主,最后做激光打印,打印前后要反复检查,避免书写错误并做及时修改。
英文简历范文一:
name:
gender: female
age: 24 height: 160 cm
marital status: single address: chang de city
job objective
recent work position:
expect post properties: full-time
expected monthly salary: 2000 ~ 3000
expect engaged in post: executive director, sales director, sales engineers, cost manager/supervisor, accounting supervisor
expect engaged in industry: computer software/hardware, accounting/auditing, financial (investment/securities, financial (bank/insurance), academic/scientific research
self evaluation
i am hunan engineering institute of international economy and trade a fresh graduates. get accountant from job seniority card, english level 4, national computer level 2, customs declarer certificate and etc.
not competitive, but always competitive. university students once was appointed deputy director of the office of the department, each year during the period of school scholarship and obtained the country pursues a scholarship, was awarded triple-a student, outstanding student cadres. in the youth have a passionate heart, do not the best, only better.
not superstitious himself, but always believe in your ability. my major foundation is good, learning ability, and good character,
education experience
start-stop years: in september 2008 to june 2012
the school name: hunan college of engineering
professional name: international economy and trade
degree: bachelor degree
internship experience
start-stop date: in may 2010 to june 2010
enterprise name: xiangtan tcl
in position: sales promotion member
performance: learning a lot of sales experience, learned and the communication between different groups.
英文简历范文二:
name:
nationality: china
at present location: yuexiu district of national: the han nationality
the registered permanent address locus: yuexiu district of figure: 168 cm 50 kg
marital status: single age:
job objective
talent type: ordinary job
applied position: administrative/logistics: administrative assistant, administrative assistant, financial/audit/tax: financial accounting, cashier, logistics/warehouse, warehouse, computer administrator, typing operator
term: the title: no title
job type: all can date available: at any time
monthly salary requirement: negotiable hope work areas: yuexiu district of guangzhou
work experience:
company name: the core technology companies
start-stop years: 201001 ~ 2012-08
the company properties: by sector:
in the position of: civilian financial
job description: answer the call, be responsible for the daily office work, etc, to send and receive mail, to proceed the exit procedure, issue compensation, etc
self evaluation
my undergraduate course graduation, during the school work hard to make progress, respect teacher, and students get along well, take an active part in social practice, learning skills is committed to sharing society. my english is good, has joined the cet 4 levels of tests, and access to national public oral english certificate. i hold accountant from job seniority card (accountant), national computer level certificate. skilled i can play wubi, grasps the office2000 office software and computer skills, have two years of civilian work experience and two years cashier financial experience. i would like to play for the expensive unit of his strength and ability, please the expensive unit can give me the chance of playing.
education background
graduate school: jinan university
the highest degree: undergraduate course graduation date: the 2012-01-01
major one: computer network engineering major 2:
英文简历范文三:
name:
sex don’t: male
people family: the han nationality date of birth: on march 28,
telephone number: marriage status:
body high: 168 cm body weight: 56 kg
education experience
graduate school: liaoning engineering technology university calendar: bachelor degree
professional name: electrical automation measurement and control technology and instrument graduation year: 2010
work experience: four years the highest title:
job objective
position properties: the whole job
job category: energy/power/electrical technology
engineering/mechanical/mould
other
position title: technicians, engineers,
work areas: fujian – fuzhou city;
salary: 3000-4000 yuan/month can be negotiated; does not need to provide housing
starting time: may at any time to work
skill expertise
language: english;
computer level: the national associate constructor card (electrical and mechanical engineering)
driving license c1 card
work experience
company: xiamen cernet special electronic co., ltd
time range: in september 2009
the company properties: private/private company
subordinate industry: electronics, microelectronics technology
position: product keeper简历是求职者应聘活动的起点,也是招聘者招聘工作的开端。对求职或招聘的任一方而言,简历都具有着重要的现实意义。以下是学习啦小编整理的英文简历字体段落格式要求,以供大家参考。
关于英文表格简历模板 篇七
论文英文摘要写作注意事项
2012-10-07 12:09:17
论文英文摘要写作注意事项
论文摘要,作为一篇论文的精髓,对一篇文章的意义非常重大,但是国内很多人在这方面缺乏足够的重视,会在一定程度上影响论文的质量。希望能够通过分享这篇文章对广大学生带来相应的帮助。由于文章是很久以前的,已经无法找到出处,请作者谅解。
论文摘要的时态基本上有两种 : 一般现在时、一般过去时。由于学术论文写作通常采用一般现在时, 摘要也多用一般现在时。目的、方法、结果及结论部分多用一般现在时 , 背景介绍常采用一般过去时。一般现在时用于描述研究目的和范围、研究内容、结果和结论 ;一般过去时用于描述论文撰写前作者已做的工作, 也可用于表示转述已发表文献的报导、讨论和研究内容。
语态与人称
主张多采用被动语态。因为使用被动语态不仅可以省略施动者 , 避免出现“we ”表示式 , 而且还可以使需强调的事物做主语而突出了它们的地位,有利于说明事实。英文摘要往往采用第三人称的被动语态 , 可以避免提及有关执行者, 使行文显得客观。同时, 被动语态句子在结构上有较大的调节余地, 有利于使用恰当的修辞手段, 扩展名词短语, 扩大句子信息量。但有时采用主动语态比用被动语态在结构上更简练, 表达更
英文摘要的翻译
英文摘要应直接用英文写, 这样能按英文思维方式更直接、准确地表达原文。但是, 这对一些作者尚有难度。在翻译过程中, 要避免按中文字面意义逐字翻译, 应从语篇层次把握原文, 选择恰当的翻译单位。刘士聪认为, 在翻译过程中, 分析和转换是一个难以截然分开的思维过程, 以主述位作翻译单位 , 一方面是注意到了它本身的形式特点, 另一方面也注意到了它在语篇中的衔接功能 , 可以把对原文的分析和转换统一起来。
英文摘要的写作
根据《ei》的要求 , 一篇较好的英文摘要应较好地回答以下 4 个方面的问题:1) what you want to do(目的),2)how you did it (方法) ,3) what result didi you get and what conclusions can you draw ( 结果和结论 ); 4) what is original in your paper ( 创新独到之处 ) 。
在开头交待论文的目的时 , 英文摘要的首句不要重复题名或题名的一部分 , 同时摘要中要尽量少谈或不谈背景信息。在介绍方法、结果和结论时 , 忌泛泛而谈 , 空洞无物。在写作时 , 要尽可能明确地把论文的创新、独到之处交待出来。关于英文摘要的文法《ei》提出了以下几点要求 :
1) 尽量用短句 ; 2) 用主动语态而不用被动语态 ; 3) 要尽量简洁 , 去掉一切并不增进对摘要理解的多余字句 ; 4) 介绍过去所做的工作时用过去时态 , 介绍结果和结论时则用现在时态。 (1) 研究的背景、目的和范围———常用现在时 ; (2) 研究的方法、手段或步骤———常用过去时、现在时或现在完成时 ; (3) 研究的结果———常用过去时 ; (4) 研究得出的主要结论———常用现在时或情态助动词。现以下篇英文摘要为例进行分析和说明。
标点符号
科技期刊英文摘要中标点符号使用不当的问题很普遍 , 主要原因是作者沿用汉语标点符号的习惯。这类问题在文稿、报告中不明显 , 但正式印刷出来后非常抢眼。所以 , 在组织英文摘要时应特别注意以下几点 :
(1) 英文标点符号中除了破折号长度占 2 个英文字符外, 其他均只占1个英文字符 ( 大致半个汉字 ) 。中、英文的逗号、分号、冒号等乍看起来完全一样 , 但实际上也是不一样的。排英文摘要时应转换到英文状态下操作 , 避免英文中出现全角标点 , 例如“ darwins theory of natural selection ” ( 应该是“ darwins theory of natural selection ” ) 等 , 影响版面的美观。
(2) 英文标点符号中没有“《》”、“、”和“~”。英文中书名一般用斜体表示 , 该用顿号时用逗号 , 表示数字范围则用半字线“” ( 占 1 个英文字符 ), 而汉语中相应符号的长度分别比其长 1 倍 : “——” ( 长度占 2 个汉字 ) 、“—” ( 占 1 个汉字 ) 和“”和连字符“ – ”前后均不空格 ; 英文引号和括号外面前后均空格 , 里面前后均不空格。
(6) 带缩略号的缩略语位于句末时 , 可省略一个黑点 , 但省略号位于句末时 , 句点不能省略。
(7) 可用若干个带连字符的词修饰同一个名词 , 例如“ the second-, third-or forth-class mails ”( 二、三、四级邮件 ), “ three- and four- syllable words ” ( 三音节和四音节词 ), 不能写作“ three-four-syllable words ”。例 :blackmur writes, “mr. eliots poetry is not devotional in any sense of which we have been speaking.。. ” 例 :dashes, parentheses, commas—all are used to set off parenthetical matter(see also page111)。
数字表示
目前科技期刊英文摘要中的数字表示很随便。在英文中用到数字时是用文字
(one,two,three,。.。) 还是阿拉伯数字 (1,2,3,—) 表示 , 需要遵循一定的规则 , 这就像在中文科技文稿中用汉字还是用阿拉伯数字有一定的规则一样。一般说来 ,1 位数 (1 至 9) 通常用文字表示 , 多位数 ( ≥ 10) 则趋向于使用阿拉伯数字 , 也遵循易读、易写、前后一致的原则。有统计意义的、与单位符号及数字符号一起的数字 , 一般都用阿拉伯数字。
在编写时应注意下列问题 :(1) 表示概数时 , 只能使用英文数字 :about five hundreds ( 约 500), approximately forty thousands( 近 4 万 ) 。
(2) 阿拉伯数字不宜出现在句子的开头。例如“ six percent students voted. ” (6% 的学生投了票 ) 不宜为“ 6 percent students voted. ”。这种情况下最好改写句子 , 避免用数字开头 , 例如“ fifteen new products are set for release in the next year. ” ( 有 15 种新产品决定在明年推出 ) 可改写为 : “ the company decides to release 15 new products in the next year. ” ( 公司决定明年推出 15 种新产品 ) 。
(3) 2 项数字相连时 , 其中一个用文字 , 另一个用数字 , 具体看哪一种方式简短 : “ 36 fifty-watt amplifiers ”或“ thirty-six 50 watt amplifiers ” (36 个 50w 的放大器 ) 。
(4)4 位以上的数字最好每隔 3 位用 1/4 的空格分开。目前许多书刊上仍用逗号作分隔符。鉴于有些国家用逗号表示小数点 , 为避免引起混淆 , 国际标准化组织建议科技书刊中用空格来分隔数字。这种做法已开始为人们所接受。例如 ,us $ 23000, 9600000km 2; 在科技书刊中推荐采用 a × 10n 的形式。
(5) 由于在英、美等国 billion, trillion 及 quadrillion 所代表的数目不一致 , 科技文稿中应避免使用 , 例如“ 12.5 亿人口”最好表示为“ apopulationof1.25 × 109 ” 。
英文摘要正文的写作模式
英文摘要语篇结构固定 , 内容完整。英文摘要的篇章结构通常涉及主题句、拓展句和结论句三部分 , 涵盖了研究的背景、目的和范围 , 研究的方法、手段或步骤 , 研究的结果 , 研究得出的主要结论或建议四个方面。由于摘要字数有限 ( 英文摘要一般不超过 250 个词 ), 所以研究的背景、目的和范围有时候可省略 , 写作的重点放在后三个方面。 1. 主题句的常用句型或表达方法主题句多用于介绍论文涉及的研究课题和领域 , 提供研究背景信息或陈述研究目的 , 其常见的句型或表达方法如下 :
(1) previous reaearch has shown that.。.; (2) it has been shown that.。.;
(3) the principle of 。.。is outlined;
(4) the apparatus for 。.。is described;
(5) automation of.。.is examined;
(6)an account of.。.is given;
(7)the use of 。.。 is addressed;
(8)the mechanism of 。.。 is examined;
(9) the dependence of 。.。 was established;
(10) an analysis of 。.。 was carried out;
(11) the purpose of the present study is was to 。.。;
(12) the aim of our research is was to.。.; (13)the objective of this investigation is was to 。.。;
(14) this paper is intended to.。.; (15) this paper is to.。.; (16) the author(s) made this study inorder to find out discover reveal obtain demonstrate test.。.;
(17) with the aim of.。.; (18)this paper deals with.。.;
(19) based on 。.。 is described discussed presented analyzed dealt with in this paper
(20)in this paper 。.。 is discussed explored an analyzed
2、 拓展句的常用句型或表达方法拓展句承接主题句 , 通常处于摘要正文的中间 , 多描述研究的方法、手段、过程、步骤或结果拓展句常见句型或表达方法如下
(1) the method of 。.。 was used to 。.。;
(2) the experiment was to.。.; (3) the investigation has been conducter to 。.。;
(4) the data are derived by using.。.; (5) the experimental results are obtained by 。.。;
(6) the test was conducter with 。.。;
(7) a relationship is observed between 。.。 and 。.。;
(8) a theoretical procedure is described for.。.;
(9) the method was based on.。.; (10)。.。 can be achieved through by using.。.
3、 结论句的常见句型或表达方法
结论句置于正文的最后 , 通常用于介绍主要研究成果 , 提出独到的见解或建议 , 陈述主要结论。结论句常用的句型或表达方法如下 :
(1) the findi〈WWW.BAIHUAWEN.CN〉ngs indicate that 。.。; (2) the results indicate show that.。.; (3)this paper concludes that 。.。; (4)this study investigation research leads the author(s) to a conclusion that 。.。; (5)the research enables us to conclude that 。.。; (6) it is concluded that.。.; (7) the results agree with 。.。; (8) the test experiment shows that.。.。; (9) it is suggested that.。.; (10)these results will can be significant for 。.
英文表格简历模板 篇八
contract
n. 契约;合同;婚约
v. 感染;(使)缩小,缩短,收缩;订契约
the contract was negotiated.合约已谈妥。
confidentiality of contracts合同的保密性
renewal of contract合同的续订
crimp contraction皱缩率
a contracted brow皱缩的眉头
shall we sign the contract?我们签合同好吗?
the interval between contract signing and shipment is too long, i’m afraid.恐怕签合同与交货时间相隔太长了。
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